The Right Form of Verb Rules in Bangla | Right form of verbs exercise with answer for BCS, SSC, HSC, Bank Jobs & Admission Test

The Right Form of Verbs and Its Rules in Bangla| শিক্ষার্থীরা, আজ আমরা একটি গুরুত্বপূর্ণ বিষয় নিয়ে আলোকপাত করতে যাচ্ছি। Right Form of Verbs -এর গুরুত্বপূর্ন কয়েকটি রুলস, যা সাধারনত: পরীক্ষায় আসে, তা নিয়ে আলোচনা করা হলো। উল্লেখ্য, Right Form of Verbs-কে ভালভাবে জানার জন্য verb সম্পর্কিত (verb related) প্রায় সকল grammatical rules গুলি জানতে হয়। এখানে right form of verbs exercise with answer সহ বিস্তারিত..

Why is the Right Form of Verbs important?

সঠিকভাবে ইংরেজি বাক্য লিখা ও বলার জন্য Right Form of Verbs খুবই গুরুত্বপূর্ণ। আমাদের স্কুল কলেজের ইংরেজি পরীক্ষায় কিংবা বিভিন্ন এডমিশন টেস্ট বা চাকুরীর নিয়োগ পরীক্ষায় কোন বাক্যের একটি verb-কে bracket-এর মধ্যে রেখে verb-টির সঠিক রুপ কি হবে, তা bracket উঠিয়ে দিয়ে সঠিক রুপসহ লিখতে বলা হয়। এ কারনেই Right Form of Verbs (বাক্যে verb-এর সঠিক ব্যবহারের নিয়মগুলি) জানা খুবই জরুরী।


Right Form of Verbs Rule:


Rule 1: কোন sentence-এর subject যে number ও person-এ হবে, সেই sentence-এর verb-ও ঠিক সেই number ও person অনুযায়ী হবে। অর্থাৎ sentence-এর ‍subject-টি singular বা plural হলে verb-টিও singular বা plural হবে।

In particular, singular subjects take singular verbs and plural subjects take plural verbs.

Example:
He (be) reading. – He is reading.
They (Be) reading. – They are reading.

Note: Present indefinite tense-এর কোন sentence-এর subject যদি third person singular number হয়, তখন verb-এর সাথে ‘s / es’ যুক্ত করতে হয়।

Example:

He (go) to school every day. – He goes to school every day.
The boy (play) cricket on the field. – The boy plays cricket on the field.

Rule 2: Singular subjects এর বেলায় সর্বদা singular verbs.বসাতে হবে । For example, in the sentence, “The train runs from Phoenix to El Paso,” এখানে “the train” হলো singular subject , তাই এক্ষেত্রে singular verb “runs.” বসেছে

Plural subjects এর বেলায় সর্বদা plural verbs. বসাতে হবে ।

In the sentence, “The trains run all night long,” এখানে plural subjects “trains” এর জন্য plural verb “run.” বসেছে ।

Rule 3: Compound subjects যখন “and” দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তখন plural verbs. বসাতে হবে।

In the sentence, “Pizza and cauliflower taste great together,”

“pizza” and “cauliflower” মিলে একটি compound subject. বিধায় এক্ষেত্রে ভার্ব plural বসেছে।


Rule 4: Compound subjects যদি “or” or “nor” দ্বারা যুক্ত থাকে তখন either a singular verb or a plural verb. — যদি verb এর কাছের Subject টি (closest to the verb ) singular number হয় তখন একটি singular verb বসবে।

For example, “Either Jeff or Jane knows the answer.”

যদি verb এর কাছের Subject টি (closest to the verb ) Plural number হয় তখন একটি Plural verb. বসবে।

For example, “Either Jeff or his sisters know the answer.”


Rule 5 : Collective nouns গুলো singular or plural. উভয়টি হতে পারে। ( can be singular or plural. )

Collective nouns যদি হয় “team,” “company,” “city,” “state,” “government,” “committee,” and “store” সেগুলো singular nouns and এক্ষেত্রে singular verbs. বসাতে হবে।

Collective nouns যদি হয় “team members,” “company leaders,” and “city officials” তাহলে তারা plural and তখন plural verbs. বসাতে হবে ।

Rule 6: Indefinite pronouns গুলো singular এবং সেক্ষেত্রে singular verbs বসাতে হবে।

The indefinite pronouns :

“anything,”

“Anywhere,”

“anybody,”

“anyone,”

“each,”

“each one,”

“either,”

“neither,”

“everyone,”

“everybody,”

“nobody,”

“somebody,”

“Someone,”

and “no one”

—— গুলো singular.

—-সেক্ষেত্রে বসাতে হবে singular verbs.

For example, “Nobody likes fondue anymore.”

Rule 7: A pair হলো singular noun, and সেক্ষেত্রে singular verb বসাতে হবে।

For example, “pair” is the singular subject in

“That old pair of jeans has treated me well.”

Rule 8: Plural-form এর subjects গুলো often singular। ( when presented as a Title ) .

For example, “Physics is an essential subject.”

Rule 9: Gerunds সবসময় singular nouns, এবং এক্ষেত্রে singular verbs. বসাতে হবে।

For example, “Swimming was the sport that taught me how to win.”

  1. The phrase “one of _ who” কে plural noun বিবেচনা করতে হবে। তাই এক্ষেত্রে plural verb বসাতে হবে। ( should be treated as a plural noun and receive a plural ভার্ব)

right form of verb example, “Mr. Lee is one of the teachers who coach sports after school.”


Rule 11: চির সত্য (universal truth) কোন ঘটনা প্রকাশ করতে bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টি present indefinite tense -এ হবে।

Example:
The earth (revolve) around the sun. – The earth revolves around the sun.
The sun (rise) in the East and (set) in the West. – The sun rises in the East and sets in the West.

Rule 𝟏𝟐
একটি clause-এর কোন sentence-এ যদি today, daily, regularly, generally, occasionally, always, often, sometimes, every day, every time, now a days প্রভৃতি word / words-এর কোন একটি word/words ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টি verb-এর এক নম্বর বা present indefinite tense হবে।

Example:
He (take) the milk twice daily. – He takes the milk twice daily.
Today she (weigh) twenty one stone. – Today she weighs twenty one stone.
A good boy (prepare) his lesson regularly. – A good boy prepares his lessons regularly.
But no one (hit) accurately every time. – But no one hits accurately every time.
Speaking English is not that difficult, but sometimes it (seem) very difficult. – Learning English is not that difficult but sometimes it seems very difficult.

Note: অনেক সময় bracket-এর মধ্যে not+verb দেয়া থাকে। সে ক্ষেত্রে bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টিকে না-বোধক করতে হয়।

Example:
A good boy normally (not waste) time. – A good student normally does not waste time.
Some students (not play) regularly to keep themselves fit. – Some students do not play regularly to keep themselves fit.


Note: অনেক সময় দেখা যায় bracket-এর মধ্যে একটি verb দেয়া আছে এবং বাক্যের শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন দেয়া আছে। সে ক্ষেত্রে বাক্যটিকে interrogative sentence-এ পরিবর্তন করতে হবে।

Example:
He (go) to school every day? – Does he go to school every day?
They often (play) cricket when they get the time? – Do they often play cricket when they get the time?


– Rule 𝟏𝟑:

কোন sentence-এ যদি now, at this moment, day by day, gradually প্রভৃতি word / words-এর কোন একটি word / words ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টি present continuous tense-এ হবে।

Example:
At this moment, Rahim (study). – At this moment, Rahim is studying.
Now the students (play) in the field. – Now the students are playing in the field.
What you (read) now? – What are you reading now?
Fatima (not study) at this moment. – Fatima is not studying at this moment.
Gradually the price of rice (increase). – Gradually the price of rice is increasing.


– Rule 𝟏𝟒:
কোন sentence-এ যদি just, recently, already, ever, never, lately, yet, just now, perhaps প্রভৃতি word / words-এর কোন একটি word / words ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টি present perfect tense-এ হবে।

Rule 𝟏𝟓 #: ‘had rather’, ‘had better’, etc.

যদি একটি বাক্যে ‘Had rather’, ‘had better’, ‘would better’, ‘ let’, ‘would rather’, ‘dare’, ‘must need’, ইত্যাদি থাকে, তাহলে Verb (ক্রিয়াপদটি) – present form এ বসবে । এবং Verb এর পূর্বে (ক্রিয়াপদের) ‘to’ থাকলে ‘to’ বাদ যাবে।

(If there is ‘to’ before that verb, the ‘to’ will be omitted. )

Example: You had better go to the class.
উদাহরণ: আপনার ক্লাসে যাওয়া ভালো ছিল।

Rule 16: ‘it is time’
it is high time, it is time, wish, fancy, etc. এদের পরের verb টি past form. এ বসবে।

Example: It is high time we did the work.

Rule 17: ‘though’, ‘as if’, ইত্যাদি।

as though, as if, wish ইত্যাদির পরে, ‘to be verb’ রূপান্তরিত হয় ‘were’-এ।

Example: I wish I were a butterfly.
উদাহরণ: আমি যদি প্রজাপতি হতাম।

Rule 𝟏𝟖: ‘get used to’, ‘without’, etc.
such as get used to, without, cannot help, past, could not help, with a view toward, look forward to, would you mind, etc., এই phrases গুলো এর পর verb ‘ing’ form এ বসবে ।

Example: I went to Chittagong with a view to attending the wedding.
উদাহরণ: আমি বিয়েতে যোগ দিতে চট্টগ্রাম গিয়েছিলাম।

Note: ‘used to’ + infinitive and ‘be’ or ‘get used to’ + ‘-ing’

Be used to মানে ‘এর সাথে পরিচিত হওয়া’ বা ‘অভ্যস্ত হওয়া’।

I used to drive on the left
I’m used to driving on the left?
She’s used to the city now and doesn’t get lost any more.
He wasn’t used to walking so much and his legs hurt after the hike.
I’m a teacher so I’m used to speaking in public.

Present perfect tense লিখতে সাহায্যকারী verb হিসাবে has বা have-এর প্রয়োজন হয়। Perhaps, just now এবং yet ব্যতীত উপরে উল্লেখিত অন্য সকল শব্দ সাহায্যকারী ও মূল verb-এর মধ্যে বসে। Perhaps, just now এবং yet প্রদত্ত বাক্যের যে স্থানে থাকে, তাকে সেই স্থানেই রাখতে হয়।

Example:
I just (take) a cup of tea. – I have just taken a cup of tea.
He (go) out just now. – He has gone just now.
I never (regret) my past. – I have never regretted my past.
But I just (have) a snack. – But I have just had a snack.

এ ছাড়া বাক্যে have, has, had এবং be শব্দের পরেই যদি bracket-এ verb দেয়া থাকে, তবে তবে bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টিকে পরিবর্তন করে verb-টির তিন নম্বর রুপ বা past participle-এ লিখতে হবে।

Example:
We have (sink) a tube well. – We have sunk a tube well.
The principal desired the notice to be (hang) on the board. – The principal desired the notice to be hung on the board.
I have ( have) my revenge at last. – I have had my revenge at last.


Rule 𝟏𝟗:
কোন sentence-এ যদি yesterday, ago, then, in those days, at that time, last+সময় প্রভৃতি word / words-এর কোন একটি word / words ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টি verb-এর দুই নম্বর বা past indefinite tense হবে।

Example:
I (come) home yesterday. – I came home yesterday.
I (not come) home yesterday. – I did not come home yesterday.
I (come) home yesterday? – Did I come home yesterday?
Then I (understand) your problem. – Then I understood your problem.
I (think) you (be) right yesterday. – I thought you were right yesterday.
In those days there (be) no mobile phone. – In those days there was no mobile phone.


Rule 𝟐𝟎:
কোন কাজ পূর্বে আরম্ভ হয়ে এখন পর্যন্ত চলমান অবস্থায় আছে বুঝালে bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টি verb-এর present perfect continuous tense-এ হবে। এক্ষেত্রে বাক্যে for / since + সময় / দিন / মাস প্রভৃতির উল্লেখ থাকবে। এখান for-এর অর্থ ‘ধরিয়া’ এবং since-এর অর্থ ‘থেকে বা হতে’।

এছাড়াও দিনের নাম / মাসের নাম + last, যেমন, Sunday last, February last প্রভৃতি থাকলেও bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টি verb-এর present perfect continuous tense-এ হবে।

Example:
The children (play) for two hours. – The children have been playing for two hours.
It (rain) since Friday. – It has been raining since Friday.
Rahim (suffer) from a fever since Thursday last. – Rahim has been suffering from a fever since Thursday last.

Rule 21:
Asked, believed, forgot, knew, remembered, reported, said, thought, told প্রভৃতি past verb-এর কোন একটি verb যদি বাক্যের প্রথম verb হিসাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে that / if যুক্ত clause-এর verb-এর রুপ past indefinite বা past perfect tense হবে।

Example:
I thought that he (come) by that time. – I thought that he came by that time. Or: I thought he had come by that time.
Our teacher said that Rahim (fail) in the examination. – Our teacher said that Rahim failed the examination. Or: Our teacher said that Rahim had failed the examination.
When he told me that everything (be) ready, we (go) into the dining room. – When he told me that everything was ready, we went into the dining room.
They asked him if he (help) us. – They asked me he helped us.

Note: Narration-এর নিয়ম অনুযায়ী বাক্যের প্রথম verb past-এ থাকলে দ্বিতীয় verb-টি past perfect tense হয়। তবে বাক্যের প্রথম verb past-এ থাকলে দ্বিতীয় verb-কেও past indefinite tense-এ লিখা যায়, তাতে কোন ভূল নাই।

-Rule 22:
(a) And শব্দ দ্বারা যুক্ত পৃথক দুটি noun শব্দ পৃথক ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুকে বুঝালে sentence-এর verb-এর রুপ হবে plural.

Example:
William and I (be) going to school. William and I are going to school.
(b) কিন্তু and দ্বারা যুক্ত পৃথক ‍দুইটি subject-কে একই ব্যক্তি বা একই ধরনের বস্তুকে বুঝানোর জন্য বা একই ধারনা প্রকাশের জন্য ব্যবহৃত হলে সেই subject-এর জন্য singular verb ব্যবহার করা যেতে পারে।

Right form of verb Example:
Bread and butter (be) essential for our health. Bread and butter is essential for our health.
Time and tide (wait) for none / nobody. Time and tide waits for none / nobody.

Remember: (a) আমাদের উপমহাদেশীয় স্কুল কলেজ গুলোতে শিক্ষকেরা ‘bread and butter’ অথবা ’time and tide’-এর ন্যায় দুইটি subject-কে এক বা অভিন্ন বলে মনে করে, তাই তাঁরা subject ঐ গুলির জন্য singular verb ব্যবহার করতে শিখায়। কিন্তু নেটিভ ইংরেজরা bread এবং butter-কে অথবা time এবং tide-কে দুইটি পৃথক বস্তু বুঝায়। তাই তারা বলে: Bread and butter are essential for our health. Time and tide wait for none/nobody/no man.

(b) একইভাবে যদি একের অধিক gerund শব্দ অথবা একের অধিক infinitive পৃথক বস্তু বা কাজকে বুঝায়, তবে sentence-এর bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-এর রুপ হবে plural.

Example:
Learning English and speaking English (be) different things. Learning English and speaking English are different things.
To learn English and to speak English (be) different things. To learn English and to speak English are different things.
Reading, writing, and speaking (be) my favorite activities. Reading, writing and speaking are my favorite activities.


Rule 23:
‘That’ conjunction দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হলে that-এর আগের clause-টি past indefinite হলে এবং that-এর পরের clause-এ যদি next + সময়, যেমন, next day, next week, next month, next year প্রভৃতির কোন একটি থাকে, তবে bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টি verb-এর রুপ হবে would + verb-এক নম্বর।

Example:
He said that he (buy) a house next year. – He said that he would buy a house next year.


Rule 24:
‘Since’ conjunction দ্বারা দুটি clause যুক্ত হলে since-এর আগের clause-টি present indefinite বা present perfect হলে এবং since-এর পরের clause-এর bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টি verb-এর past indefinite tense.

কিন্তু যদি since-এর আগের clause-টিই past indefinite হয় তখন since-এর পরের clause-এর bracket-এর মধ্যকার verb-টি verb-এর past perfect tense.

Example:
Many years have passed since he (retire) from his job. – Many years have passed since he retired from his job.
It is many years since I (see) you. – It is many years since I saw you.
A good many years have passed since his father (die). – A good many years have passed since his father died.
It was long since I (see) Rahima last. – It was long since I had seen Rahima last.
It was many years since we first (meet). – It was many years since we had first met.
Many years (pass) since his father died. – Many years have passed since his father died.


Rule 25:
বাক্যের ‘since clause’-টি যদি কোন কারন বর্ণনা করে, এবং অপর clause-টি যদি উক্ত কারনের ফল (result) বর্ণনা করে, তবে ‘since clause’-এর verb-টি যে tense-এ থাকবে result clause-টিও সেই একই tense-এ হবে।

একইভাবে, বাক্যের ‘as clause’ অথবা ’because clause‘-টি যদি কোন কারন বর্ণনা করে, এবং অপর clause-টি যদি উক্ত কারনের ফল (result) বর্ণনা করে, তবে ‘as clause/because clause’-এর verb-টি যে tense-এ থাকবে result clause-টির verb-টিও সাধারনত: সেই একই tense-এ হয়।

Right form of verb Example:
Rahim (to pass) the examination since he did not study. – Rahim did not pass the examination since he did not study.
As Rahim did not study, he (not pass) the examination. – As Rahim did not study, he did not pass the examination.
Since Rahim was tired, he (take) a break to take some rest. – Since Rahim was tired, he took a break to take some rest.
Rahim could not come to the class because he (be) ill. – Rahim could not come to the class because he was ill.


Rule: 26:
Main clause-টি future indefinite tense-এ থাকলে subordinate clause-এর when, until, as soon as, before এবং after-যুক্ত clause-টি present indefinite tense-এ হবে।

অন্য কথায় subordinate clause-এর when, until, as soon as, before এবং after-যুক্ত clause-টি present indefinite tense-এ থাকলে main clause-টি future indefinite tense-এ হবে।

Example:
Rahim will stay there until you (come). – Rahim will stay there until you come.
Rahim (stay) there until you come. – Rahim will stay until you come.
I (come) and see you when I have time. – I will come and see you when I have time.
They (not go) there until the sun rises. – They will not go there until the sun rises.
I (give) you a phone call as soon as I reach Dhaka. – I will give you a phone call as soon as I reach Dhaka.
I (give) you a phone call before I leave Dhaka. – I will give you a phone call before I leave Dhaka.
We shall go as soon as you (be) ready. – We shall go as soon as you are ready.


অনেক সময় main clause-এ must+verb, should+ verb, don’t+verb, can’t+verb, won’t/will not+ verb, let’s+verb প্রভৃতি থাকতে পারে। এক্ষেত্রেও subordinate clause-এর when, until, as soon as, before এবং after-যুক্ত clause-টি present indefinite tense-এ হবে।

Example:
Car drivers must wait until the signal light (change) to green. – Car drivers must wait until the signal light changes to green.
Don’t speak loudly when you (be) in the hospital. – Don’t speak loudly when you are in the hospital.
Let’s go to the coffee shop when our class (be) over. – Let’s go to the coffee shop when our class is over.
You (not move) from here until he gets back. – You should not move from here until he gets back.
He won’t express his personal opinion until he (know) the facts. – He won’t express his personal opinion until he knows the facts.


Rule 27:
No sooner had…………………than………… ……অথবা scarcely had ……… when…………..কিম্বা hardly had………………..when……………….. দ্বারা গঠিত বাক্যগুলিতে দুটি বাকাংশ থাকে। এক্ষেত্রে প্রথম বাকাংশটির verb সাধারনত: past perfect tense-এ থাকে। এই বাকাংশের subject-কে সাহায্যকারী ও মূল verb-এর মধ্যে রাখতে হয়।

পরের বাকাংশটি যা than কিম্বা when দ্বারা আরম্ভ হয়, তা past indefinite tense-এ হয়।

Example:
No sooner had I received his phone call than I (go) to help him. – No sooner had I received his phone call than I went to help him.
No sooner I (receive) his phone call than I went to help him. – No sooner had I received his phone call than I went to help him.
Scarcely had I reached the station when the train (leave) the station. – Scarcely had I reached the station when the train left the station.
Hardly had I reached home when he (call) me. – Hardly had I reached home when he called me.

Rule 28:
Admit, advise, appreciate, begin, complete, consider, delay, deny, discuss, enjoy, finish, feel, feel like, like, mind, miss, practise, quit, recall, recommend, risk, stop, suggest, tolerate, understand, worth — প্রভৃতি verb-এর পরপরই যদি bracket-এ verb দেয়া থাকে, তবে তার রুপ হবে verb-এর -ing.

Example:
Would you mind (have) a cup of coffee? – Would you mind having a cup of coffee?
The doctor suggested/advised (drink) milk twice a day. – The doctor suggested drinking milk twice a day.
We enjoyed (talk) with your friend. – We enjoyed talking with your friend.
Rahim completed (write) an essay on his favorite poet. – Rahim completed writing an essay on his favorite poet.
I miss (watch) the news when I am away from home. – I miss watching the news when I am away from home.
He began (learn) English when he was five. – He began learning English when he was five.
We wouldn’t mind (wait). – We wouldn’t mind waiting.


এছাড়াও মনে রাখতে হবে যে, যে কোন verb-এর পরপরই যদি bracket-এ কোন verb word দেয়া থাকে, তবে তার রুপ হবে verb-এর -ing.

Right form of verb Example:
The boys came (run) to meet us. The boys came running to meet us.
He lay (smile) at me. He lay smiling at me.
Do you like go (sing)? Do you like go singing?

Rule 29 : Causative Verb

causative verb কি? causative verb ইংরেজিতে একটি সাধারণ গঠন। এটি দেখায় যে কেউ বা কিছু একটি কর্মের জন্য পরোক্ষভাবে দায়ী । সবচেয়ে common causative verb হল Make, Get, Have, Let।

Causative Verb Examples:

Why did you let him swear at you like that?
He made his son clean his room.
I had Peter fix my car.
We couldn’t get her to sign the agreement.

Have

গঠন 1:


Subject + have (any tense) + object (কোনো ব্যক্তি ) + Verb এর base form (V1 ) + . . . .

Example:
John had Alex clean the bedroom.
He always has me do his work.
Mary will have Alex prepare her homework.

গঠন 2:


Subject + have (any tense) + object (কোনো বস্তু ) + past participle form of verb ( V3 )+ . . . .

Example:
John had his car washed.
He always has his work done.
Mary will have her homework prepared.

Get

গঠন 1:


Subject + get (any tense) + object (কোনো ব্যক্তি ) + infinitive ( to+ Verb )+ . . . .


Example:
John got Alex to clean the bedroom.
He always gets me to do his work.
Mary will get Alex to prepare her homework.

গঠন 2:

Subject + have (any tense) + object (কোনো বস্তু) + past participle form of verb ( V3 )+ . . . .

Example:
John got his car washed.
He always gets his work done.
Mary will get her homework prepared.

Make

Note: ‘Make’ is stronger than ‘have/get’. It constitutes only one structure as it does not take anything ‘passive’ as its object.

Subject + make (any tense) + object (সর্বদা কোনো ব্যক্তি ) + base form of verb ( V1 )+ . . .

Example:
Robert made me beat that little child.
He always makes me do his work.
Mary will make me prepare her homework.
I made him wash my car.
He makes me laugh whenever I am down.

Note: According to the grammar rules and structures, there are two more similar verbs that are not causative verbs by definition but they constitute similar sentence structures.

Those two verbs are:

Let
Help


Let

‘Let’ means ‘allow/permit’ but the use of ‘let’ in the sentence is different from these words.

Structure:


Subject + let (any tense) + object (সর্বদা কোনো ব্যক্তি ) + base form of verb ( V1 )+. . .

Example:
Robert let me escape the prison.
Let me go. (Subject ‘you’ is hidden)
The teacher let the students discuss among themselves.
I let him drive my car.
Let’s (let us) laugh and live a happy life.


The verb ‘permit’/’allow’ does not follow this structure. It follows the regular sentence pattern of English language.

Subject + permit/allow + object + infinitive ( to+ Verb )+ . . . .

Example:
John allowed him to drive his car.
He always allows him to do that.
The teacher allowed me to sit for the exams.

HELP

Help is not actually a causative verb either but is generally regarded as a causative verb because of its grammatical use in a sentence. It has two structures.

Structure 1:

Subject + help (any tense) + object (কোনো ব্যক্তি ) + base form of verb ( V1 )+. . .

Example:
Robert helped me escape the prison.
He helps me prepare my presentations.
The teacher had helped the students understand a complex theory.
I helped him learn driving.
It will help you move on.

Structure 2:

Subject + help + object + infinitive ( to + Verb )+ . . . .

Example:
John helped him to lift his car.
He always helps me to find my stuff.
The teacher helped me to understand the topic.

Rule 30:
Approve of, be better of, can’t help, count on, get through, insist on, keep on, look forward to, object to, think about, think of — প্রভৃতির পরপরই অথবা যে কোন preposition-এর পরপরই যদি bracket-এ verb দেয়া থাকে, তবে তার রুপ হবে verb-এর -ing.

Example:
I am looking forward to (meet) you. – I am looking forward to meeting you.
I couldn’t help (go) there to meet him. – I couldn’t help going there to meet him.
He insisted on (take) a trip to India. – He insisted on taking a trip to India.


Rule 31:
Subject + verb + object-এর পর যদি bracket-এ verb দেয়া থাকে, তবে তার রুপ হবে verb-এর -ing. সাধারনত: যে সকল verb এই গঠন প্রনালীতে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তারা হচ্ছে see, watch, view, notice, find, observe, keep, hear, smell

Example:
They saw the man (run) away. – They saw the man running away.
I heard him (sing) a beautiful song. – I heard him singing a beautiful song.
Can you smell something (burn)? – Can you smell something burning?
Did you notice anyone (stand) at the door? – Did you notice anyone standing at the door?
I watched them (come) towards us. – I watched them coming towards us.


এছাড়া sentence-এ verb-এর পর যদি me/my, him/his, you/your ও তার পরপরই যদি bracket-এ কোন verb word দেয়া থাকে, তবে তার রুপ হবে verb-এর -ing.

Example:
I saw him/his (go) there. – I saw him/his going there.
I can’t imagine me/my (be) so stupid. – I can’t imagine me/my being so stupid.
He couldn’t bear them/their (tell) those things that way. – He couldn’t bear them/their telling those things that way.


Rule 32:
কোন sentence-এর শুরুতে যদি bracket-এর মধ্যে verb দেয়া থাকে, এবং ঐ বাক্যে যদি আরেকটি verb থাকে তবে bracket-এর মধ্যে verb-টি হবে –verb+ing.

Example:
(Read) a book, I shall go there. – Reading a book, I shall go there.
(Swim) is good for our health. – Swimming is good for our health.
(Get up) early in the morning is good for our health. – Getting up early in the morning is good for our health.


– Rule 33:
শুধু ‘used to’-এর পর bracket-এর মধ্যে verb দেয়া থাকলে bracket-এর মধ্যে verb-টি হবে Simple present form। আর যদি ‘be+used to’এর পর bracket-এর মধ্যে verb দেয়া থাকলে bracket-এর মধ্যে verb-টি হবে verb-এর -ing.

Example:
I used to (go) to school by bicycle. – I used to go to school by bicycle.
I am used to (go) to school by bicycle. – I am used to going to school by bicycle.
I used to (get up) early in the morning. – I used to get up early in the morning.
I was used to (get up) early in the morning. – I was used to getting up early in the morning.


Rule 34:
If-clause-এর verb present indefinite tense-এ থাকলে bracket-মধ্যকার verb-এর রুপ হবে future indefinite tense.

Example:
If he needs my help, my father (help) you. – If he needs my help, my father will help you.
If you go to the town, you (meet) my father. – If you go to the town, you will meet my father.
I (finish) the job if I can. – I will finish the job if I can.

Rule 35:
If-clause-এর verb past indefinite tense-এ থাকলে bracket-মধ্যকার verb-এর রুপ হবে would+verb-Simple form ( V1)।

Example:
If Rahim worked hard, he (pass) the examination. – If Rahim worked hard, he would pass the examination.
If he came, I (go). – If he came, I would go.
Rahim (help) them if they came. – Rahim would help them if they came.
I would help him if he (want). – I would help him if he wanted.


কিন্তু if-clause-এ bracket-মধ্যে ‘be’ দেয়া থাকলে তা পরিবর্তন করে ‘were’ করতে হয়।

Example:
If I (be) you, I would accept the job. – If I were you, I would accept the job.
I would buy a fine car if I (be) rich. – I would buy a fine car if I were rich.


Rule 36:
If-clause-এর verb past perfect tense-এ থাকলে bracket-মধ্যকার verb-এর রুপ হবে would have+verb-এর past participle (V3)।

Example:
If he had tried, he (do) better. – If he had tried, he would have done better.
If we had found his address, we (write) him. – If we had found his address, we would have written him.
I would have bought a car if I (have) the money. – I would have bought a car if I had had the money.
I would have done better if I (take) my father’s advice. – I would have done better if I had taken my father’s advice.


Rule 37:
As if অথবা as though যদি বাক্যের conjunction হিসাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে as if অথবা as though-এর আগের clause-এর verb-টি present indefinite হলে as if অথবা as though-এর পরের clause-এর verb-টি past indefinite হবে।

Example:
He speaks as if / as though he (know) everything. – He speaks as if / as though he knew everything.
He acts as if / as though he (be) rich. – He acts as if / as though he were rich.

কিন্তু as if অথবা as though-এর আগের clause-এর verb-টি past indefinite হলে as if অথবা as though-এর পরের clause-এর verb-টি past perfect হবে

Example:
He looked as if / as though he (run) ten miles. – He looked as if / as though he had run ten miles.
Rahim looked as if / as though he (see) a ghost. – Rahim looked as if / as though he had seen a ghost.


Rule 38:
Before ও after conjunction দ্বারা অতীতকালে ঘটে যাওয়া দুটি কাজ দুটি clause-এর মাধ্যমে বর্ননা করতে চাইলে যে কাজ আগে ঘটে সে কাজকে past perfect tense-এ লিখতে হয়। আর যে কাজটি পরে ঘটে, তাকে past indefinite tense-এ লিখতে হয়।

এক্ষেত্রে, before-এর পূর্বে past perfect tenseafter-এর পরে past perfect tense হয়। অপর clause-টি past indefinite tense-এ হবে।

right-form-of-verb
Right Form of Verbs
right-form-of-verb
Right Form of Verbs

Example:
The patient had died before the doctor (come). – The patient had died before the doctor came.
The patient died after the doctor (come). – The patient died after the doctor had come.

– Rule 39:
অর্থের পরিমান (amount of money), সময় (time), দুরত্ব (distance) প্রভৃতি সাধারনত: সামগ্রিকভাবে একটি পরিমান ‍বুঝায়। তাই এগুলো দেখতে plural হলেও bracket-মধ্যকার verb-এর রুপ হবে singular.

Example:
Five hundred dollars (be) a lot of money. – Five hundred dollars is a lot of money.
Ten kilometers (be) a long distance. – Ten kilometers is a long distance.
Two hours (be) a long time to wait for him. – Two hours is a long time to wait for him.

Rule 40:
People, public, police, cattle, peasantry (কৃষক সম্প্রদায়), poultry, gentry, mankind, dozen প্রভৃতি শব্দগুলো সকল সময় plural হিসাবে বিবেচিত হয়। তাই, এ সকল শব্দ বাক্যে কর্তা হিসাবে ব্যবহৃত হলে সেই বাক্যের verb-এর রুপ হবে plural.

Example:
People (be) suffering for want of food. – People are suffering for want of food.
Cattle (be) gazing in the field. – Cattle are grazing in the field.
Mankind (be) never always happy. – Mankind are never always happy.


Rule 41 :
বাক্যে কর্তা হিসাবে কোন ভাষার নাম, যা দ্বারা মানুষ কথা বলে, অথবা চেয়ার, দরজা, সমুদ্র বা কোন বস্তু, যা নিজে সরাসরি কাজ করে না, তখন bracket-মধ্যকার verb-এর রুপ হবে verb-এর past participle.

আর এই past participle verb-এর পূর্বে am, is, are, was কিম্বা were না থাকলে, কর্তার সংগে মিল করে তা বসাতে হয়। অর্থাৎ বাক্যটিকে passive voice-এ লিখতে হবে।

Example:
English is (speak) in India. – English is spoken in India.
Bangla (speak) in Bangladesh. – Bangla is spoken in Bangladesh.
The legs of the table (break). – The legs of the table are broken.
Even the sea (freeze). – Even the sea was frozen.


Rule 42:
প্রধানত: এ চারটি verb যথা, lay এবং lie; raise এবং rise ইংরেজি শিক্ষার্থীদের জন্য খুব সমস্যার সৃষ্টি করে। সমস্যার সমাধান হল, মনে রাখা কোন verb-টি transitive (transitive verb-এর object থাকে) এবং কোন verb-টি intransitive (intransitive verb-এর object থাকে না)।

Lay এবং lie:
Lay হচ্ছে transitive verb. এই verb-টির প্রধান সাধারণ অর্থ ’কোন কিছুর উপর কিছু রাখা’ (to put or place something on a surface).

present past Past participle Present participle
lay laid laid laying

Right Form of Verbs
Example:
Yesterday he (lay) that grammar book on the table. – Yesterday he laid that grammar book on the table.
Every day he (lay) the grammar book on the table. – Every day he lays the grammar book on the table.
The children (lay) their toys on the floor when they had finished playing with them. – The children laid their toys on the floor when they had finished playing with them.
Lie হচ্ছে intransitive verb. এই verb-টির সাধারণ অর্থ ’শয়ন করা; কোন জায়গায় কোন কিছু থাকা’।

present past Past participle Present participle
lie lay lain lying

Right Form of Verbs
Example:
He (lie) on the bed to take a rest. – He lies on the bed to take a rest.
Rajshahi University (lie) in the eastern section of the city. – Rajshahi University lies in the eastern section of the city.
He (lie) on the sofa to rest yesterday after studying. – He lay on the sofa to rest yesterday after studying.

আরও একটি ‘lie’ verb শব্দ আছে, যার অর্থ ‘মিথ্যা বলা’। এই ‘lie’ শব্দটি আবার noun হিসাবেও ব্যবহৃত হয়।

present past Past participle Present participle
lie lied lied lying
Right Form of Verbs
Example:
Has he (lie) to me? – Has he lied to me?
Don’t trust them. They are (lie). – Don’t trust them. They are lying.

Raise এবং rise:
Raise হচ্ছে transitive verb. এই verb-টির প্রধান সাধারণ অর্থ দুইটি, এক, ’কোন কিছু নিচু থেকে উপরে উঠানো বা উত্তোলন করা’ (to lift or elevate something to a higher position or level). দুই, কোন কিছু বৃদ্ধি করা (to increase something).

present past Past participle Present participle
raise raised raised raising


Right Form of Verbs
Example:
A student (raise) his hand to attract the attention of his teacher. – A student raises / raised his hand to attract the attention of his teacher.
After studying very hard, Rafiq (raise) his marks in English. – After studying very hard Rafiq raised his marks in English.
Our company (raise) our salary from next month. – Our company will raise our salary from next month.
I carefully (raise) the patient to a sitting position. – I carefully raised the patient to a sitting position.
Rise হচ্ছে intransitive verb. এই verb-টির প্রধান সাধারণ অর্থ দুইটি, এক, ’উঠা’ (to get up from a lower position to a higher position) দুই, কোন কিছুর আকার, পরিমান বা লেভেল বৃদ্ধি পাওয়া (to increase in size, volume, or level.).

present past Past participle Present participle
rise rose risen rising
Right Form of Verbs
Example:
The sun (rise) in the east. – The sun rises in the east.
The student (rise) from his seat to answer my question. – The student rose from his seat to answer my question.
The water level has (rise) for heavy rainfall. – The water level has risen for heavy rainfall.

Rules 43: নিম্নলিখিত Verb গুলোর পর Gerund (verb+ing ) বসে।
Deny, Enjoy, Mind, Avoid, Stop, Admit etc.

  • The thief denied steal necklace.( incorrect) 
  • The thief denied stealing necklace.(correct) 
  • The Director avoided to meet manager.(incorrect) 
  • The director avoided meeting manager.(correct) 
  • Ram stopped run fast on the track in the second lap.( incorrect) 
  • Ram stopped running fast on the track in the second lap.( correct) 

Rules 44: possessive case এর পর Verb এর gerund form (verb+ ing) বসে।

Possessive case: my, your, her, our etc.

  • Teacher did not mind his come late in the class.( incorrect) 
  • Teacher did not mind his coming late in the class.(correct) 
  • Ram appreciates Rohan’s sing.(incorrect) 
  • Ram appreciates Rohan’s singing.(correct) 
  • We like your driving in the traffic.( incorrect) 
  • We like your driving in the traffic.( correct) 


    Rules 45: নিম্নোক্ত Verb গুলোর পর Infinitive (to+verb) form বসে। Prefer, Wish, Decide, Want, Choose, Appear, Forget, Continue etc.


    Ram promised giving me money.(incorrect) 
  • Ram promised to give me money.(correct) 
  • I have decided leave job.(incorrect) 
  • I have decided to leave job.(correct) 
  • She prefers coffee than tea.(incorrect) 
  • She prefers coffee to tea. (correct) 
  • Geeta wishes be rich.(incorrect) 
  • Geeta wishes to be rich.( correct) 
  • I want go London in the winter vacation.(incorrect) 
  • I want to go London in the winter vacation.( correct) 

    Rules 46: নিম্নোক্ত Verb গুলোর পর Direct infinitive (without “to”) বসে : see, hear, let, make, etc.

    Ajay heard Ram to singing a song.(incorrect) 
  • Ajay heard Ram singing a song.( correct) 
  • Let the student to play in the playground.(incorrect) 
  • Let the student play in the playground.(correct) 
  • Teacher made student to write an essay. (incorrect) 
  • Teacher made student write an essay.(correct) 

    Rules 47: দ্বিতীয় টাস্ক/কাজ শুরু করার আগে প্রথম টাস্ক/কাজ শেষ হয়ে গেলে Perfect participle ব্যবহার করা হয়।

    Having played cricket, Ram slept. 
  • Having seen the film, Ajay refused to see again. 

    Rules 48: একটি সমস্যা প্রকাশ করতে Past participle ব্যবহার করা হয়।

    Being misguided he could not pass any bank exam. 
  • Being thirsty Ram requested a glass of water. 

    Rules 49: Past participle বিশেষণ হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

    He is player of defeating team.(incorrect) 
  • He is player of defeated team.(correct) 

    Rules 50: যখন সাবজেক্ট একই সাথে (simultaneously) দুটি কাজ সম্পাদন করে তখন দ্বিতীয় Verb টির সাথে Present participle (V+ing) ব্যবহার করা হয়।

    Prime minister came out laughed. (incorrect) 
  • Prime minister came out laughing.( correct) 

    Rules 51: কিছু Noun সবসময় একটি singular verb নিয়ে থাকে।

    Scenery, advice, information, machinery, stationery, furniture, abuse, fuel, rice, gram,issue, bedding, repair, news, mischief, poetry, business, economics, physics,mathematics, classic, ethics, athletics, innings, gallows.

    (A) The scenery of Kashmir are enchanting. (Incorrect)
  • (B) The scenery of Kashmir is enchanting. (Correct)
  • (A) He has given advices. (Incorrect)
  • (B) He has given advice. (Correct)
  • (A) The Indian team defeated the English by innings. (Incorrect)
  • (B) The Indian team defeated the English by an innings. (Correct)
  • (A) Mathematics are a difficult subject. (Incorrect)
  • (B) Mathematics is a good / difficult subject. (Correct)

    Rules 52: কিছু nouns দেখতে singular, কিন্তু তারা প্রকৃতপক্ষে plural nouns and সর্বদা plural verb ব্যবহৃত হয়

    Cattle, gentry, vermin, peasantry, artillery, people, clergy, company, police.

    A) The cattle is grazing in the ground. (Incorrect)
  • (B) The cattle are grazing in the ground. (Correct)
  • (A) The clergy is in the church. (Incorrect)
  • (B) The clergy are in the church. (Correct)

    Rules 53: কিছু nouns always সবসময় ব্যবহৃত হয় plural form তে and সবসময় এদের ক্ষেত্রে plural verb.বসে থাকে

    Trousers, scissors, spectacles, stockings, shorts, measles, goods, alms, premises, thanks, tidings, annals, chattels, etc.

    (A) Where is my trousers? Incorrect
  • (B) Where are my trousers? Correct
  • (A) Spectacles is now a costly item. Incorrect
  • (B) Spectacles are now a costly item. Correct

Rules 54: কিছু nouns আছে যেগুলি নির্দেশ করে length, measure, money, weight or number – যখন সেগুলির পূর্বে কোনো numeral বা সংখ্যা থাকে ( preceded by a numeral ), -তখন তারা আকারে অপরিবর্তিত থাকে।
Foot, meter, pair, score, dozen, head, year, hundred, thousand, million.

(A) It is a three – years degree course. Incorrect
(B) It is a three – year degree course. Correct
(A) I have ten dozens of shoes. Incorrect
(B) I have ten dozen of shoes. Correct

Rules 55: Collective Nouns (সমষ্টিগত বিশেষ্য) -যেমন একটি jury, public, team, committee, government, audience, orchestra, company, etc সাধারণত অবিচ্ছিন্নতা বোঝাতে Singular (একবচন) হিসাবে ব্যবহৃত হয়; অন্যথায় বিচ্ছিন্নতা বোঝাতে Verb বহুবচন হবে

(A) The jury was divided in this case. Incorrect
(B) The jury were divided in this case. Correct
(A) The team have not come as yet. Incorrect
(B) The team has not come as yet. Correct


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